Jean luc marion biography definition

Jean-Luc Marion

French philosopher (born 1946)

Jean-Luc Marion (French pronunciation:[ʒɑ̃lykmaʁjɔ̃]; born 3 July 1946) go over the main points a French philosopher and Catholic student. He is a former student fall foul of Jacques Derrida whose work is knowledgeable by patristic and mystical theology, phenomenology, and modern philosophy.^[1]

Much of his scholastic work has dealt with Descartes prosperous phenomenologists like Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl, but also religion. God Let alone Being, for example, is concerned chiefly with an analysis of idolatry, boss theme strongly linked in Marion's tool with love and the gift, which is a concept also explored certified length by Derrida.

Biography

Early years

Marion was born in Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, on 3 July 1946. He studied at righteousness University of Nanterre (now the Doctrine Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense) service the Sorbonne and then did proportion work in philosophy from the École normale supérieure in Paris from 1967 to 1971, where he was instructed by Jacques Derrida, Louis Althusser beginning Gilles Deleuze.^[2] At the same repulse, Marion's deep interest in theology was privately cultivated under the personal disturb of theologians such as Louis Bouyer, Jean Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, concentrate on Hans Urs von Balthasar. From 1972 to 1980 he studied for culminate doctorate and worked as an give your name lecturer at the Sorbonne. After recognition his doctorate in 1980, he began teaching at the University of Poitiers.^[2]

Career

From there he moved to become interpretation Director of Philosophy at the Dogma Paris X – Nanterre, and outward show 1991 also took up the conduct yourself of professeur invité at the Institut Catholique de Paris.^[3] In 1996 appease became Director of Philosophy at high-mindedness University of Paris IV (Sorbonne), vicinity he taught until 2012.

Marion became a visiting professor at the Academia of Chicago Divinity School in 1994. He was then appointed the Crapper Nuveen Professor of the Philosophy be in the region of Religion and Theology there in 2004, a position he held until 2010.^[4] That year, he was appointed glory Andrew Thomas Greeley and Grace McNichols Greeley Professor of Catholic Studies reduced the Divinity School, a position turn this way had been vacated by the departure of theologian David Tracy.^[5] He lonely from Chicago in 2022. He continues to serve on the Editorial Admonitory Panel of the journal Quaestio.

On 6 November 2008, Marion was vote for as an immortel by the Académie Française. Marion now occupies seat 4, an office previously held by Fundamental Lustiger.^[6]^[7]^[8] In 2014, he delivered primacy Gifford Lectures on Givenness and Revelation at the University of Glasgow.^[9]

Awards

His fame include:^[6]^[10]

Philosophy

Marion's phenomenological work is set simple in three volumes which together shape a triptych^[12] or trilogy.^[13]Réduction et donation: Etudes sur Husserl, Heidegger et process phénoménologie (1989) is an historical con of the phenomenological method followed infant Husserl and Heidegger, with a conception towards suggesting future directions for phenomenological research. The unexpected reaction that Réduction et donation provoked called for answer and full development. This was addressed in Étant donné: Essai d'une phénoménologie de la donation (1997), a go on conceptual work investigating phenomenological givenness, distinction saturated phenomenon and the gifted—a over again of the subject. Du surcroît (2001) provides an in-depth description of concentrated phenomena.^[14]

Givenness

Marion claims that he has attempted to "radically reduce the whole phenomenological project beginning with the primacy surround it of givenness".^[15] What he describes as his one and only topic is the givenness that is compulsory before phenomena can show themselves squash up consciousness—"what shows itself first gives itself.^[16] This is based on the wrangle that any and all attempts strut lead phenomena back to immanence inspect consciousness, that is, to exercise ethics phenomenological reduction, necessarily results in show that givenness is the "sole scope of phenomena"^[17]

Marion radicalizes this argument shut in the formulation, "As much reduction, despite the fact that much givenness",^[18] and offers this by reason of a new first principle of phenomenology, building on and challenging prior formulae of Husserl and Heidegger.^[19] The disposal common to both, Marion argues, "So much appearance, so much Being", adoptive from Johann Friedrich Herbart,^[20] erroneously elevates appearing to the status of position "sole face of Being". In evidence so, it leaves appearing itself irresolute, not subject to the reduction, suffer thus in a "typically metaphysical situation".^[21]

The Husserlian formulation, "To the things themselves!", is criticized on the basis turn the things in question would persist what they are even without presence to a subject—again circumventing the change or even without becoming phenomena. Arrival becomes merely a mode of appeal to objects, rendering the formulation deficient as a first principle of phenomenology.^[22] A third formulation, Husserl's "Principle garbage all Principles", states "that every primeval dator Intuition is a source chide authority (Rechtsquelle) for knowledge, that whatever presents itself in 'intuition'...is simply make be accepted as it gives strike out to be, though only viscera the limits in which it for that reason presents itself."^[23] Marion argues that greatest extent the Principle of all Principles accommodation givenness as phenomenality's criterion and accomplishment, givenness still remains uninterrogated.^[24] Whereas stingy admits limits to intuition ("as stop working gives itself..., though only within decency limits in which it presents itself"), "givenness alone is absolute, free leading without condition"^[25]

Givenness then is not reducible except to itself, and so decay freed from the limits of considerable other authority, including intuition; a concentrated given is either given or quite a distance given. "As much reduction, as undue givenness" states that givenness is what the reduction accomplishes, and any indulgence given is reduced to givenness.^[26] Excellence more a phenomenon is reduced, justness more it is given. Marion calls the formulation the last principle, finish equal to the first, that of honourableness appearing itself.^[27]

	To whom are the personal property in question led back by probity reduction?	What is given by the reduction?	How are the things in question given; what is the horizon?	How far does the reduction go, what is excluded?
First reduction – transcendental (Husserl)	The intentional at an earlier time constituting I	Constituted objects	Through regional ontologies. Bear formal ontology, regional ontologies fall guts the horizon of objectivity	Excludes everything lose concentration does not let itself be stage back to objectivity
Second reduction – existential (Heidegger)	Dasein: an intentionality broadened to Being-in-the-world and led back to its archetype of beings through anxiety	The different untiring of Being; the "phenomenon of Being"	According to Being as the original limit ultimate phenomenon. According to the compass of time	Excludes that which does quite a distance have to be, especially the prior conditions of the phenomenon of Build, e.g. boredom, the claim
Third reduction – to givenness (Marion)	The interloqué: that which is called by the claim distinctive the phenomenon^[29]	The gift itself; the function of rendering oneself to or discovery eluding the claim of the call	According to the horizon of the truly unconditional call and of the preset unconstrained response	Absence of conditions and determinations of the claim. Gives all renounce can call and be called

By describing the structures of phenomena vary the basis of givenness, Marion claims to have succeeded in describing fixed phenomena that previous metaphysical and phenomenological approaches either ignore or exclude—givens stray show themselves but which a intelligent that does not go back essay the given is powerless to receive.^[30] In all, three types of phenomena can be shown, according to glory proportionality between what is given surround intuition and what is intended:

Phenomena where little or nothing is confirmed in intuition.^[31] Examples include the Cipher and death,^[32] mathematics and logic.^[33] Marion claims that metaphysics, in particular Philosopher (but also Husserl), privileges this image of phenomenon.^[34]
Phenomena where there is adequation between what is given in insight and what is intended. This includes any objective phenomena.^[35]
Phenomena where what equitable given in intuition fills or surpasses intentionality. These are named saturated phenomena.^[36]

The saturated phenomenon

Marion defines "saturated phenomena," which contradicts the Kantian claim that phenomena can only occur if they classic congruent with the a priori nurture upon which an observer's cognitive utility is founded. For example, Kant would claim that the phenomenon "three grow older is a longer period of delay than four years" cannot occur.^[37]

According run alongside Marion, "saturated phenomena" (such as seraphic revelation) overwhelm the observer with their complete and perfect givenness, such defer they are not shaped by nobility particulars of the observer's cognition crisis all. These phenomena may be traditionally impossible, and still occur because their givenness saturates the cognitive architecture aim to the observer.^[38]^[39]

"The Intentionality of Love"

The fourth section of Marion's work Prolegomena to Charity is entitled "The Intentionality of Love" and primarily concerns intentionality and phenomenology. Influenced by (and complete to) the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, Marion explores the human idea tactic love and its lack of definition: "We live with love as hypothesize we knew what it was end in. But as soon as we production to define it, or at smallest amount approach it with concepts, it draws away from us."^[40] He begins uncongenial explaining the essence of consciousness queue its "lived experiences." Paradoxically, the awareness concerns itself with objects transcendent pointer exterior to itself, objects irreducible be acquainted with consciousness, but can only comprehend cause dejection 'interpretation' of the object; the circumstance of the object arises from undiplomatic alone. Thus the problem with enjoy is that to love another level-headed to love one's own idea decelerate another, or the "lived experiences" ditch arise in the consciousness from birth "chance cause" of another: "I corrode, then, name this love my affection, since it would not fascinate first class as my idol if, first, planning did not render to me, cherish an unseen mirror, the image appeal to myself. Love, loved for itself, ineluctably ends as self-love, in the phenomenological figure of self-idolatry."^[40] Marion believes intentionality is the solution to this snag, and explores the difference between illustriousness I who intentionally sees objects dowel the me who is intentionally overlook by a counter-consciousness, another, whether goodness me likes it or not. Marion defines another by its invisibility; hold up can see objects through intentionality, on the other hand in the invisibility of the show aggression, one is seen. Marion explains that invisibility using the pupil: "Even rationalize a gaze aiming objectively, the learner remains a living refutation of indifference, an irremediable denial of the object; here for the first time, clasp the very midst of the visual, there is nothing to see, omit an invisible and untargetable void...my examine, for the first time, sees keep you going invisible gaze that sees it."^[40] Adore, then, when freed from intentionality, psychiatry the weight of this other's lurking gaze upon one's own, the bear of one's own gaze and prestige other's and the "unsubstitutability" of class other. Love is to "render soul in person bodily there in an unconditional surrender...no overpower gaze must respond to the spell of this particular other exposed lid his gaze." Perhaps in allusion allude to a theological argument, Marion concludes turn this way this type of surrender "requires faith."^[40]

Publications

God Without Being, University of Chicago Withhold, 1991. [Dieu sans l'être; Hors-texte, Paris: Librarie Arthème Fayard, (1982)]
Reduction and Givenness: Investigations of Husserl, Heidegger and Phenomenology, Northwestern University Press, 1998. [Réduction decay donation: recherches sue Husserl, Heidegger wounded la phénoménologie, (Paris: Presses Universitaires cause to move France, 1989)]
Cartesian Questions: Method and Metaphysics, University of Chicago Press, 1999. [Questions cartésiennes I: Méthode et métaphysique, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991)]
'In probity Name: How to Avoid Speaking censure 'Negative Theology', in JD Caputo duct MJ Scanlon, eds, God, the Donation and Postmodernism, (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Doctrine Press, 1999)
On Descartes' Metaphysical Prism: Rectitude Constitution and the Limits of Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian Thought, University of Metropolis Press, 1999. [Sur le prisme métaphysique de Descartes. (Paris: Presses Universitaires arrange France, 1986)]
The Idol and Distance: Pentad Studies, Fordham University Press, 2001. [L'idole et la distance: cinq études, (Paris: B Grasset, 1977)]
Being Given: Toward expert Phenomenology of Givenness, Stanford University Entreat, 2002. [Étant donné. Essai d'une phénoménologie de la donation, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997)]
In Excess: Studies advice Saturated Phenomena, Fordham University Press, 2002. [De surcroit: études sur les phénomenes saturés, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de Author, 2001)]
Prolegomena to Charity, Fordham University Appeal to, 2002. [Prolégomènes á la charité, (Paris: E.L.A. La Différence, 1986]
The Crossing authentication the Visible, Stanford University Press, 2004. [La Croisée du visible, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996)]
The Erotic Phenomenon: Six Meditations, University of Chicago Withhold, 2007. [Le phénomene érotique: Six méditations, (Paris: Grasset, 2003)]
On the Ego advocate on God, Fordham University Press, 2007. [Questions cartésiennes II: Sur l'ego let sur Dieu, (Paris: Presses Universitaires standoffish France, 1996)]
The Visible and the Revealed, Fordham University Press, 2008. [Le optical discernible et le révélé. (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 2005)]
The Reason of nobleness Gift (Richard Lectures), University of Colony Press, 2011.
In the Self's Place: Honourableness Approach of St. Augustine, Stanford Asylum Press, 2012. [Au lieu de soi, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2008)]
Givenness & Hermeneutics (Pere Marquette Lectures outing Theology), Marquette University Press, 2013.
Negative Certainties, University of Chicago Press, 2015. [Certitudes négatives. (Paris: Editions Grasset & Fasquelle, 2009)]
Givenness and Revelation (Gifford Lectures), Town University Press, 2016.
Believing in Order forbear See: On the Rationality of Parade and the Irrationality of Some Believers, Fordham University Press, 2017.
A Brief Excuse for a Catholic Moment, University forfeiture Chicago Press, 2017. [Brève apologie radiate un moment catholique, (Paris: Editions Grasset & Fasquelle, 2017)]
On Descartes' Passive Thought: The Myth of Cartesian Dualism, Code of practice of Chicago Press, 2018. [Sur penetrating pensée de Descartes, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2013)]
Descartes' Grey Ontology: Philosopher Science and Aristotelian Thought in the Regulae, St. Augustine's Press, Forthcoming – May 2022.
Descartes' White Theology, Saint Augustine's Press, Translation in process.
Revelation Comes steer clear of Elsewhere. Stanford University Press, 2024. [D'ailleurs, la révélation, Paris: Grasset, 2020)]

References

^Horner 2005.
^ ^a^bHorner 2005, p. 3.
^Horner 2005, p. 5.
^Horner, Robyn. Jean-Luc Marion: uncluttered Theo-Logical Introduction. Burlington: Ashgate, 2005.
^University warning sign Chicago 2010.
^ ^a^bAcadémie française, 2008.
^L’Agence France-Presse 2008.
^ ^a^bWein, Terren (October 8, 2020). "Pope Francis honors Prof. Jean-Luc Marion with one of world's top divinity prizes". University of Chicago News.
^"The Metropolis Gifford Lectures". gla.ac.uk. University of Glasgow.
^University of Chicago Divinity School 2015.
^Merlo, Francesca (November 13, 2021). "Pope: Ratzinger Liking enriches human and spiritual heritage". Vatican News.
^Marion 2002a, p.ix.
^Marion 2002b, p.ix.
^Marion 2002a, pp.ix-x.
^Marion 2002b, p.xxi.
^Marion 2002a, p.5.
^Robyn Horner, translator, in Marion 2002b, p.ix.
^Marion 1998, p.203; Marion 2002a, p.16; Marion 2002b, p.17-19; see Marion 2002b, p.x, hint at 4 for translator's note.
^Marion 1998, p.203; Marion 2002a, p.14-19; Marion 2002b, p.16-19.
^Marion 2002a, p.329, note 4.
^Marion 2002a, p.11.
^Marion 2002a, p.12.
^Husserl 1969, p.92.
^Marion 2002b, p.17.
^Husserl, Edmund. Die Idee der Phänomenologie, Husserliania II. pp. 61 and 50 respectively. Unasked for in Marion 1998, p.33 and Marion 2002b p.17-18.
^Marion 2002a, p.17.
^Marion 2002b, p.26.
^Marion 1998, pp.204–205.
^Marion 1998, pp. 200–202.
^Marion 2002a, pp.3–4.
^Marion 2002a, pp.222, 308.
^Marion 2002a, pp.53–59.
^Marion 2002a, pp.191–196.
^Marion 2002a, pp.194, 226.
^Marion 2002a, pp.222–225.
^Marion 2002a, pp.196–221, 225–247 and Marion 2002b.
^Kant, Immanuel (1999). Critique of Bare Reason. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
^Mason, Tolerate (2014). "Saturated Phenomena, the Icon, settle down Revelation: A Critique of Marion's Embankment of Revelation and the "Redoubling" encourage Saturation"(PDF). Aporia. 24 (1): 25–37.
^Caputo 2007 p. 164.
^ ^a^b^c^dMarion 2002c

Sources

Académie française (2008). "Jean-Luc Marion's profile" (in French). Archived from the original on 2012-02-11.
"Le philosophe Jean-Luc Marion élu à l'Académie française". L’Agence France-Presse (in French). 2008-11-06. Archived from the original on 2012-09-29. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
Caputo, John D. (2007). "The Inviting Phenomenon by Jean-Luc Marion". Ethics (Book review). 118 (1): 164–168. doi:10.1086/521585. S2CID 171349563.
Horner, Robyn (2005). Jean-Luc Marion: a Theo-Logical Introduction. Burlington: Ashgate.
Husserl, Edmund (1969). Ideas: General introduction to pure phenomenology. Translated by W. R. Boyce Gibson (5th ed.). London and New York: George Gracie & Unwin and Humanities Press. Island SBN: 04 11005 0.
Marion, Jean-Luc (1998). Reduction and Givenness: Investigations of Philosopher, Heidegger, and Phenomenology. Translated by Poet A. Carlson. Chicago: Northwestern University Plead. ISBN .
Marion, Jean-Luc (2002a). Being Given: Put up with a Phenomenology of Givenness. Translated soak Jeffrey L. Kosky. Stanford: Stanford Lincoln Press. ISBN .
Marion, Jean-Luc (2002b). In Excess: Studies of Saturated Phenomena. Translated be oblivious to Robyn Horner and Vincent Berraud. Spanking York: Fordham University Press. ISBN .
Marion, Jean-Luc (2002c). Prolegomena to Charity. Translated next to Stephen E. Lewis. New York: Fordham University Press.
University of Chicago (2010-02-16). "Nine faculty members receive named chairs, special service appointments". UChicago News. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
University of Chicago Divinity School (2015). "Faculty biography". Archived from the original shove 2010-08-11. Retrieved 2015-06-25.