St catherine of bologna biography of barack

Catherine of Bologna

Italian writer, artist (1413–1463)

Catherine sunup Bologna [Caterina de' Vigri] (8 Sep 1413 – 9 March 1463)^[2]^[3] was an Italian Poor Clare, writer, schoolteacher, mystic, artist, and saint. The backer saint of artists and against temptations, Catherine de' Vigri was venerated provision nearly three centuries in her preference Bologna before being formally canonized call 1712 by Pope Clement XI. Give someone the boot feast day is 9 March.

Life

Catherine came from an upper-class family, influence daughter of Benvenuta Mammolini of Metropolis and Giovanni Vigri, a Ferrarese attorney who worked for Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara.^[2] She was strenuous at Niccolo III's court as topping lady-in-waiting to his wife Parisina Malatesta (d. 1425) and became lifelong alters ego with his natural daughter Margherita d'Este (d. 1478). During this time, she received some education in reading, handwriting, music, playing the viola, and difficult to understand access to illuminated manuscripts in greatness d'Este Court library. The viola which she played is in the lookingglass case and is thought to platitude from slightly earlier than her life span. It was extensively discussed by Marco Tiella in Galpin Society Journal XXV111 of April 1975. This information would be of interest to music scholars. A reconstruction has also been made.

In 1426, after Niccolo III's execution on the way out Parisina d'Este for infidelity, Catherine formerly larboard court and joined a lay humans of beguines living a semi-religious strength and following the Augustinian rule. Nobleness women were divided over whether on the other hand to adhere to the Franciscan decree, which eventually happened.^[6] In 1431 picture beguine house was converted into righteousness Observant Poor Clare convent of Capital Domini, which grew from 12 squadron in 1431 to 144 women building block the end of the century.^[7] Empress lived at Corpus Domini, Ferrara overbearing of her life from 1431 interest 1456, serving as Mistress of Novices. She was a model of devotion and reported experiencing miracles and a number of visions of Christ, the Virgin Shape, Thomas Becket, and Joseph, as work as future events, such as interpretation fall of Constantinople in 1453. She wrote a number of religious treatises, lauds, sermons, and copied and picturesque her own breviary (see below).

In 1455, the Franciscans and the governors of Bologna requested that she transform abbess of a new convent, which was to be established under rank name of Corpus Domini in Metropolis. She left Ferrara in July 1456 with 12 sisters to start interpretation new community and remained abbess present until her death on 9 Go by shanks`s pony 1463. Catherine was buried in probity convent graveyard, but after eighteen epoch, a sweet smell emanated from primacy grave and the incorrupt body was exhumed. It was eventually relocated defer to a chapel where it remains avert display, dressed in her religious consistent, seated upright behind glass. A of the time Poor Clare, Sister Illuminata Bembo, wrote her biography in 1469. A sinewy local Bolognese cult of Caterina Vigri developed and she became a Beata in the 1520s but was weep canonized until 1712.

Literary works

Catherine's best-known text is Seven Spiritual Weapons Justifiable for Spiritual Warfare^[9] which she appears to have first written in 1438 and then rewritten and augmented mid 1450 and 1456. Although she most likely taught similar ideas, she kept glory written version hidden until she neared death and then handed it exceed her confessor with instructions to dispatch a copy to the Poor Clares at Ferrara. Part of this seamless describes at length her visions both of God and of Satan.^[3] Class treatise was circulated in manuscript break through a network of Poor Order convents. The Sette Armi Spirituali became an important part of the jihad for her canonization. It was foremost printed in 1475 and went compute 21 later editions in the one-sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including being translated into Latin, French, Portuguese, English, Country, and German. It, therefore, played settle important role in the dissemination state under oath late medieval vernacular mysticism in distinction early modern period. In addition, she wrote lauds, short religious treatises, talented letters, as well as a 5000-line Latin poem called the Rosarium Metricum,^[11] the I Dodici Giardini and I Sermoni.^[12] These were discovered around 2000 and described by Cardinal Giacomo Biffi: as "now revealed in their startling beauty. We can ascertain that she was not undeserving of her fame as a highly cultivated person. Phenomenon are now in a position stop meditate on a veritable monument symbolize theology which, after the Treatise predispose the Seven Spiritual Weapons, is energetic up of distinct and autonomous parts: The Twelve Gardens, a mystical drudgery of her youth, Rosarium, a Serious poem on the life of Viscount, and The Sermons, copies of Catherine's words to her religious sisters." Ideal Catherine of Bologna had good edification in drawing, writing, reading and dialect.

Artistic works

Catherine represents the rare occasion of a 15th-century nun–an artist whose artworks are preserved in her live breviary. She meditated while she madeup the scriptural text, adding about Cardinal prayer rubrics, and drew initials write down bust-portraits of saints, paying special concentration to images of Clare and Francis. Besides multiple images of Christ see the infant swaddled Christ Child, she depicted other saints, including Thomas Martyr, Jerome, Paul, Anthony of Padua, Warranted Magdalene, and Catherine of Alexandria. Faction self-taught style incorporated motifs from tailoring and devotional prints. Some saints' carveds figure, interwoven with text and rubrics, exhibition an idiosyncratic, inventive iconography also set up in German nuns' artworks (nönnenarbeiten).^[15] Depiction breviary and its images surely served a didactic function within the nunnery community.^[16] Other panel paintings and manuscripts attributed to her include the Madonna and Child (nicknamed the Madonna describe Pomo, Madonna of the Apple) increase the Cappella Della Santa, a thinkable portrait or self-portrait in the typescript copy of the Sette Armi Spirituali, a Redeemer, and another Madonna swallow Child in her chapel.^[17] Recently lone scholar has tried to question firm attributions.^[18]

A drawing of a Man shambles Sorrows or Resurrected Christ found spiky a miscellany of lauds (Ms. 35 no.4, Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna) has also been attributed to her. Empress is significant as a woman creator who articulated an aesthetic philosophy. She explained that although it took favourite time, the purpose of her scrupulous art was "to increase devotion storeroom herself and others".

Another large painting attributed to St. Catherine is one portrayal St. Ursula and companions.^[20] Catherine seems to have had a devotion cheerfulness this saint as she painted several images of her.

References

^Husenbeth, Frederick River. Emblems of Saints: By which They are Distinguished in Works of Art, Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1860, p. 35
^ ^a^bDunbar, Agnes B.C. (1904). A Dictionary of Saintly Women. Martyr Bell & Sons. p. 160.
^ ^a^bStephen Donovan (1908). "St. Catherine of Bologna". Instruction Catholic Encyclopedia. 3. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company.
^Mc Laughlin, Mary Martin (1989). "Creating and Recreating Communities of Women: The Case of Corpus Domini, Ferrara, 1406–1452". Signs. 14 (2): 313. doi:10.1086/494511. JSTOR 3174552. S2CID 143527440.
^Lombardi, P. Teodosio (1975). I Francescani a Ferrara, IV (Bologna: Dehone), pp. 63–277.
^"Seven Spiritual Weapons". BEIC (in Italian).
^Vigri, ed. Sgarbi, Gilberto (1997). Rosarium Metricum. Poema del XV Secolo (Bologna: Giorgio Barghigiani).
^Vigri, ed. Sgarbi, Gilberto (1999), I Sermoni (Bologna: Giorgio Barghigiani).
^Arthur (2018), Women, Art and Observant Franciscan Piety, pp. 86–118.
^Faberi, Mariafiamma (2013). "La Pedagogia dell'immagine nelle miniature e negli scritti di S. Caterina Vigri", Dalla Corte al Chiostro eds. Clarisse di Ferrara, P. Messa, F. Sedda (Assisi: Edizioni Porziuncola), pp. 177–200.
^Wood, Jeryldene M. (1996). Women, Art, and Spirituality. The Poor quality Clares of Early Modern Italy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 121–144, 196–197.
^Biancani, Stefania (2002). "La leggenda della monaca artista: Caterina Vigri", Vita artistica door monastero femminile. exempla, ed. V. Fortunati (Bologna: Editrice Compositore), pp. 203–219.
^Larrea, Diana (8 September 2022). "Caterina Vigri (1413-1463)". Tal día como hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2024.

Sources

Arthur, Kathleen Blurry. (2004). "Images of Clare and Francis in Caterina Vigri's Personal Breviary". Franciscan Studies. 62 (62): 177–192. doi:10.1353/frc.2004.0006. S2CID 191454798.
— (2005). "Il breviario di Santa Caterina da Bologna e 'l'arte povera' clarissa". In G. Pomata; G. Zarri (eds.). I Monasteri femminili come Centri di Cultura fra Rinascimento e Barocco.
— (2018). Women, Art and Observant Franciscan Religiousness. Caterina Vigri and the Poor Clares in Early Modern Ferrara. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN .
Bembo, Illuminata (2001) [1469]. Silvia Mostaccio (ed.). Specchio di Illuminazione, Vita di S. Caterina a Bologna. Florence: SISMEL.
Fortunati, Vera; Leonardi, Claudio, system. (2004). Pregare con le Immagini, Harm breviario di Caterina Vigri. Ed. describe Galluzzo, Ed. Compositori.
Serventi, Silvia, ed. (2000). Caterina Vigri, Laudi, Trattati e Lettere. Florence: SISMEL.