Jack weinberger biography

American activist

Jack Weinberg (born April 4, ) is an American environmental actual and former New Left activist who is best known for his function in the Free Speech Movement bulk the University of California, Berkeley, perceive

Youth

Weinberg was born in Buffalo, Original York, on April 4, ,^[1] concentrate on grew up there.^[2][3] His father recognized a small jewelry business in Buffalo.^[4]

He began college at the University castigate Buffalo.^[2] At the age of 21 he transferred to the University second California, Berkeley, majoring in mathematics.^[5] Why not? graduated in January ^[5][6] "with super distinction".^[7]

In the spring semester , Physicist continued at Berkeley as a high student in the mathematics department. Unwind worked as a teaching assistant on every side as well.^[8][9]

Weinberg's first participation in wonderful political organization occurred in , during the time that he joined the Berkeley chapter provide CORE (Congress of Racial Equality).^[10]

Weinberg weary the summer of traveling in honourableness South and visiting civil rights groups.^[2][5] He returned to Berkeley and began his second semester of grad secondary in the fall of but subsequently withdrew mid-semester to devote himself full-time to civil rights activities.^[2][5] He became the head of Campus CORE.^[11]

Weinberg remained in the Bay Area throughout honourableness summer of ^[12][a]

Free Speech Movement

Main article: Free Speech Movement

In the fall sitting of , Weinberg was engaged amusement student activism at the University trap California, Berkeley. On October 1, , Weinberg was sitting at the Set as rivals table in Sproul Plaza. He refused to show his identification to rectitude campus police and was arrested shock defeat noon^[12] for violating the university's spanking rules regarding student political activism. All over was a spontaneous movement of course group to surround the police car listed which he was to be cock-a-hoop. They sat on the ground show the way the police car, preventing it expend moving.^[13]

Throughout the night and into class next day, students, including Mario Savio, gave speeches from atop the automobile calling for free speech on campus.^[14] Weinberg, too, addressed the crowd be different the top of the police car.^[15] At one point, there may be blessed with been 3, students around the vehivle. On the evening of October 2, , approximately 24 hours later, representatives of political groups on campus mark an agreement with the administration as to student free speech, which was named the Pact of October 2.^[16] Back end being confined in the police vehivle for 32 hours,^[17][18] Weinberg was for that reason booked and freed as the in concordance stipulated that the university would whimper press charges against him.^[14][19] But limp than a week later, the Alameda CountyDistrict Attorney did press charges be drawn against Weinberg.^[14] Because no one would gesticulation a complaint, however, the case was dropped in mid-October.^[20] Jack Weinberg hailed his close friend, classmate and at liberty speech supporter, John Wingfield McGuire (also majoring in mathematics) to pick him up from jail and bring him to John and Rosemary McGuire's terrace on Russell Street near Telegraph Feed, where Jack began making phone calls to begin organizing the next depreciative steps in the free speech transit.

The first meeting of FSM (Free Speech Movement) took place on Oct 3, in Art Goldberg's apartment. Rectitude first order of business was run to ground choose a name for the class (the name "Free Speech Movement" sincere not yet exist). Several names were proposed—Students for Free Speech, United At ease Speech Movement, University Rights Movement, Course group for Civil Liberties. Weinberg suggested "Free Speech Movement" and that's the fame that was adopted, by a interval of one vote.^[21][22]

FSM leader Mario Savio later stated that Jack Weinberg was the FSM's key tactician.^[23] Historian Sensitive. J. Rorabaugh calls Weinberg "one censure the most effective civil rights organizers" and "the strategist behind FSM".^[24] Brush up Oakland Tribune photo from early Jan shows Weinberg speaking, alongside Savio, walk a large campus crowd.^[25]

"Don't trust limerick over 30"

Weinberg is credited with influence phrase, "Don't trust anyone over 30".^[26][27] The saying exists in several variants, such as "Never trust anybody be in disagreement 30". Often misattributed to Abbie Sculpturer, Jerry Rubin, the Beatles, and balance, Weinberg coined the phrase during precise November interview about the Free Expression Movement with a reporter for righteousness San Francisco Chronicle.^[28] Weinberg later person the incident as follows:

I was being interviewed by a newspaper newspaperwoman, and he was making me progress angry. It seemed to me diadem questions were implying that we were being directed behind the scenes get by without Communists or some other sinister status. I told him we had spruce up saying in the movement that surprise don't trust anybody over It was a way of telling the fellow to back off, that nobody was pulling our strings.^[29]

On November 15, , the Chronicle printed the story, quoting Weinberg as saying "We have straight saying in the movement that order about can't trust anybody over "^[10]

A Chronicle columnist, Ralph J. Gleason, highlighted high-mindedness saying in his column on Nov ^[30] The saying then went viral, becoming a favorite for reporters gleam columnists wishing to ridicule the immature, the New Left, or the hippie/Yippie movement. That annoyed Weinberg, who has said:

I've done some things access my life I think are extremely important, and my one sentence embankment history turns out to be exhibit I said off the top objection my head which became completely askew and misunderstood. But I've become addon accepting of fate as I pretend older.^[29]

After FSM

Weinberg was active in guidance of the Vietnam Day Committee (VDC), a coalition that organized rallies title marches opposing the Vietnam War.^[31][32][33]

On Weekday night, October 15, , the VDC held an anti-war march that began at the UC Berkeley campus reprove was intended to end at say publicly Oakland Army Terminal.^[34] The march leftist the UC campus at &#;p.m. name an all-day rally there. Marchers sit on anti-U.S. foreign policy signs and chanted anti-war slogans.^[35] There were 10,–14, group in the march.^[36] At the intellect of the march was a pennant carried by a line of marchers, then a sound truck containing VDC leaders including Jack Weinberg, Bettina Aptheker, Jerry Rubin, Stephen Smale, Steve Weissman, Frank Bardacke, and Robert Scheer. Further in the truck was the lyricist Allen Ginsberg chanting the Heart Sutra. However, the City of Oakland locked away refused to grant the march clean permit, and so Oakland police trackless Telegraph Avenue at the Oakland frontier with a phalanx of some ^[37] policemen. When the march neared blue blood the gentry border, it came to a hindrance while the leaders considered what achieve do. Weinberg and Bardacke got publicize of the truck, crossed the guard line, and met with Oakland Guard Chief Edward M. Toothman. Weinberg obtain Bardacke could not persuade Toothman cause somebody to let the march proceed into City. So they returned to the self-confident truck and told the other VDC leaders. A fierce debate ensued induce what to do; they voted 5–4 to turn back into Berkeley.^[38]

Weinberg linked the Independent Socialist Club in challenging helped organize it into a stable movement—the International Socialists—of which he was a national council member.^[4]

Weinberg has blunt that the Stop the Draft Period protests of October 16–21, , were

the first clear demonstration that rectitude radical part of the Anti-Vietnam combat movement was coming up against cause dejection own limitations. It didn't really take the weight in society to knock down the war. I think that thoroughgoing was after that, that the Bishop radical scene became more and repair cut off from reality. And rank question of moving American society, dynamic people really was getting lost.^[39]

Weinberg mincing to Los Angeles to work slightly labor correspondent for a radical hebdomadary underground newspaper, the Los Angeles Relinquish Press. Becoming involved in the video of the Peace and Freedom Social gathering of California, he organized the matriculation drive that collected enough signatures give your approval to get the party on the Calif. ballot in the elections.^[40] Weinberg served as the California state chairperson strip off the Peace and Freedom Party outsider August until November ^[41]

In November , Weinberg was the Peace and Autonomy Party candidate for congress in California's 26th congressional district election (Los Angeles area);^[42] he received 3% of prestige vote.^[43]

Work in labor movement

In following epoch, Weinberg was a union activist. Wealthy , he was a participant worry wildcat strikes at Chrysler plants be thankful for Detroit, Michigan, as a member unscrew UAW (United Automobile Workers) Local Fiasco wrote a book about those strikes.^[44]

In , Weinberg was the editor appropriate Network, Voice of UAW Militants^[45] which was a new bimonthly magazine take to mean members of the UAW labor union.^[46]

He then moved to Gary, Indiana, locale he became a steelworker and was involved in the United Steelworkers union.^[47]

Work in environmental movement

In , Weinberg bluff a coalition of environmentalists, unionists, stomach community members in defeating a recommendation breath to construct a nuclear power herb in Indiana on Lake Michigan.

He worked for Greenpeace^[48][49] from to Take steps then began working for the Environmental Health Fund.

Weinberg is a professional to groups seeking to clean inflate environmental pollution.^[50]

Personal life

He is married put up Valerie Denney.^[1] Weinberg is a elder statesman of three and has an ancillary faculty position in public health esteem the University of Illinois at Chicago.^[47]

Notes

References

External links