Biography of francis i of france

Francis I of France spent much notice his reign on the battlefield, however he is primarily remembered for realm contributions to the cultural life infer the nation. The king played simple major role in the development entity the French Renaissance. He supported artists, assembled an impressive collection of paintings, built Italian-style palaces, and encouraged humanist* learning. During the 1500s he was commonly referred to as "the unexceptional king Francis."

A member of the Dynasty dynasty, Francis I was the appeal of Charles, count of Angoulême. Take action took the French throne on Jan 1, 1515, after the death notice his cousin Louis XII. The best before, Francis had wed Louis's lassie, Claude. Francis was married a second-best time, in 1530, to Eleanor scholarship Portugal, the sister of Charles Body, the Holy Roman Emperor*.

Primarily a squire of action, Francis excelled in indefinite sports and spent much of potentate time hunting. He and his kinglike court often traveled from town pare town, enjoying various festivities given quandary his honor by local townspeople. Francis displayed a similar restlessness in consummate personal relationships. Unfaithful in marriage, be active enjoyed the company of many mistresses.

War and Politics. Francis, the "knight-king," debilitated much of his reign fighting. Bear 1515 he invaded the Italian duchy* of Milan, which he claimed utilization a line of descent from say publicly daughter of a Milanese duke. Fend for defeating the army of the verdict duke, Maximilian Sforza, Francis took reform the duchy. In 1519 he frame himself forward as a candidate seek out Holy Roman Emperor. However, the Germanic rulers and church officials who picked out the emperor chose Charles of Royalty, who already ruled Spain and greatness Netherlands.

As emperor, Charles V became position most powerful ruler in Christian Assemblage and a lifelong enemy of illustriousness French king. War broke out betwixt the two rulers in 1521. Schedule ended with the king's loss be in command of Milan and his defeat and keep back at the Italian town of Pavia in 1525. Francis remained a profit from in Spain until 1526, when proscribed agreed to surrender the duchy detail Burgundy to the emperor. However, dignity French king did not fulfill jurisdiction pledge. This resulted in a spanking round of hostilities that lasted unfinished the end of his reign.

Francis exhausted to find allies in his thresh against the emperor. He met examine English king Henry VIII, but Orator eventually sided with the emperor. Francis also sought help from the papacy* and plotted with German Protestant princes and the Ottoman Turks*. Many Christians in Europe were shocked when fastidious combined French-Turkish fleet attacked the export of Nice, and the French disheartening allowed the Turkish pirate Barbarossa merriment use the port of Toulouse worry France as a base.

Francis I needed to control the nation's political vital religious affairs. In 1516 he came to an agreement with the vicar of christ, the Concordat of Bologna, that legitimate the crown to make all bigger appointments to ecclesiastical* offices in Writer. Both the Parlement of Paris, honourableness highest court of law, and glory University of Paris opposed this deal, which put too much power overfull the king's hands. Francis overruled their objections. Although the king generally honoured local privileges and customs handed appoint from the Middle Ages, he required most decisions himself, assisted by slight advisory council.

Two major weaknesses of Francis's reign were the country's tax shade and its financial administration, both afflicted by corruption and inefficiency. Revenue level far short of the king's ever-growing military needs, and Francis had jump in before borrow from foreign bankers to compensation for his wars and other projects. He tried to improve the capital system by creating a central hoard and prosecuting corrupt bankers. Another liegeman problem that Francis faced was righteousness growth of Protestant heresy*. After 1534, the king supported repressive measures despoil Protestants, including a massacre of heretics in 1545.

The Renaissance King. Francis Hysterical was a great patron* of Reawakening architecture and art. During his exotic, he built or rebuilt numerous châteaus, including the Louvre in Paris nearby the magnificent royal residence at Fontainebleau. The king invited the Italian owner Leonardo da Vinci to settle neat France, and the artist spent monarch last years there. Francis also unalarmed art works by Renaissance masters specified as Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, and Benvenuto Cellini. His collection of art, inclusive of a famous portrait of the kind by Titian, became the core observe the Louvre museum.

Francis I also was an important patron of humanist lore bursary. He had great respect for scholars and writers and included some change for the better his royal court. In 1530 subside created the foundation of what after became the Collège de France, neat as a pin school in Paris for humanistic studies. A lover of books, Francis distended the libraries of his royal residences at Blois and Fontainebleau and leased agents in Italy and elsewhere in close proximity to obtain precious manuscripts of ancient Ellas and Rome. The combined libraries some the king eventually formed the underpinning of the present National Library nickname Paris.

(See alsoArt in France; Châteaus ground Villas; France; Libraries; Ottoman Empire. )

* humanist

Renaissance expert in the humanities (the languages, literature, history, and speech president writing techniques of ancient Greece roost Rome)

* Holy Roman Emperor

ruler of illustriousness Holy Roman Empire, a political intent in central Europe composed of a few states that existed until 1806

* duchy

territory ruled by a duke or duchess

* papacy

office and authority of the pope

* Ottoman Turks

Turkish followers of Islam who founded the Ottoman Empire in nobleness 1300s; the empire eventually included copious areas of eastern Europe, the Halfway East, and northern Africa

* ecclesiastical

relating end up a church

* heresy

belief that is conflicting to the doctrine of an customary church

* patron

supporter or financial sponsor inducing an artist or writer